What is Chilblains ?

 CHILBLAINS 

Chilblains are inflamed , painful skin patches . typically , these skin patches develop  after exposure to cold but not freezing air . Anyone can get chilblains ,  but they  are most common in women . Most of the tome , chilblains heal without treatment. 

Chilblains also known as pernio , are small patches of inflamed  skin . They  develop after exposure to air that cold or damp bu not freezing . Usually , chilblains form on your fingers or toes , but they can  develop  on the legs or ears . 

Chilblains are typically red or bluish . They may feel itchy , tender or painful . Other names for chilblains include pernio and perniosis .  

CHILBLAINS  PICTURES :




CAUSES OF CHILBLAINS :

Chilblains form after intermittent or prolonged exposure to cold or damp air .  The cold air causes blood vessels near your skin's surface to tighten or constrict , leading to decreased oxygenation and inflammation in these exposed areas . The exact reasons why this reaction occurs is known  some expects believe pernio devlop because of :

  • GENETICS 
  • HORMONAL CHANGES 
  • UNDERLYING DISEASE , such as connective tissue disorders or perpipheral arterial disease. 
Cold  causes constriction of small arteries and veins but a protective  physiological reflex intermittently dilates the blood vessels to prevent skin ischaemia . Persistent or prolonged vasoconconstriction due to an abnormal vascular rection to cold may result in hypoxaemia and inflammation to produce chilblains . 


HOW TO TREAT CHILBLAINS ?

PREVENTION OF CHILBLAINS :

Avoiding cold , wet environment if possible 
Wearing  warm , dry clothing during cold weather to protect hands, feet, and ears 
Vigorous exercise to keep warm and improve circulation 
Keep indoor areas warm and dry 
Soaking hands  in warm  water before exposure 
Cessation of smoking and other vasoconstrictors 

TOPICAL TREATMENTS  :

Topical  nitroglycerine 0.2%
Topical betamethasone  valerate 0.1% twice daily - may relieve itch 

SYSTEMIC TREATMENTS :
Nifedipine 20-60 mg three times daily - hastens healing  time and reduces the risk of relapse 
Pentoxifyline 


SIGNS AND  SYMPTOMS INCLUDE :

1. burning and itching sensition , usually in the extremities , such as the feet, hands , nose , or ears 
2. Skin of the affected area may change color from red to dark blue and become inflamed [ swollen ] 
3. sores  and blisters may appear [ rare ] 
The signs and symptoms that will usually go away within a couple of weeks on their  own if the patients avoids exposure to cold . more rarely, recovery may take months . 

CHILBLAINS  LUPUS : 

Chilblain lupus is a symptoms of lupus. Lupus is an autoimmune   disorder . People with chilblain lupus get painful  red or purple sores and discolored  patches of skin . These small sores form  or worsen after exposure to cold  temperatures . The word " chilblain " comes from  words that mean " cold " and "sore". Chilblain  lupus is rare , although healthcare  providers know it is underreported . Chilblains lupus  can be  inherited or spoadic .  

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