What causes panniculitis ?

PANNICULITIS :


Panniculitis refers to a group of conditions that involve inflammation of subcutaneous fat. Despite having very diverse causes, most forms of panniculitis have the same clinical appearance. The diagnosis is established by a skin biopsy, as there are characteristic microscopic features depending on the cause. The most common form of panniculitis is erythema nodosum . 

Panniculitis takes place just under the skin, in the body's fatty layer. Panniculitis can look different depending on its cause or particular situation. Usually, it makes the skin feel hard and become painful and red or darker in some places.

Panniculitis is classified as mostly septal panniculitis or mostly lobular panniculitis depending on the site of the most intense microscopic inflammation. Most types of panniculitis have both septal inflammation (early) and lobular inflammation (later). Further classification is based on whether or not there issubcutaneous vasculitis  and the type of inflammation noted (neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, granulomas).

WHAT ARE THE  TYPES OF PANNICULITIS ?

While panniculitis can look different depending on its cause, doctors often place it into one of two categories: septal or lobular. Septal panniculitis affects connective tissue, while lobular panniculitis affects fat lobules.



Panniculitis can also happen when your immune system attacks your own blood disease. This causes blood vessels to become inflamed and then narrow, close off, or prevent blood flow. Commonly, this type of panniculitis is called erythema nodosum, and it usually happens in your shins. 

Other types of panniculitis include:

  • Erythema induratum. This type of panniculitis almost always appears in young women’s calves. It is typically caused by tuberculosis .  
  • Cold panniculitis. Also called popsicle panniculitis, this kind occurs in children when they are exposed to the cold. 
  • Subcutaneous sarcoidosis. Subcutaneous sarcoidosis is a side effect of the condition sarcoidosis. 
HOW IS PANNICULITIS  DIAGNOSED ?

Panniculitis often takes multiple biopsies to diagnose, which can be difficult because of the tissue samples needed. Sometimes blood tests or other medical testing is also needed. 

Panniculitis can be a good indicator that you may have an underlying condition like sarcoidosis, lupus, or multiple sclerosis. Because of this, you might need to consult with more than one physician, including different specialists. 

HOW TO TREAT PANNICULITIS  ?



Panniculitis caused by sarcoidosis will most likely go away within the first couple of years in which you have the disease. Treatments for this kind of panniculitis include taking  the counter pain relief over and wrapping the affected area in bandages. 

While those are treatments for specific types of panniculitis, simple pain management strategies can help until the inflammation from panniculitis goes away. Some of these strategies include taking anti-inflammatory pain killers, drinking a potassium iodide solution, or taking steroids. Simple home treatments like rest, compression socks, and elevating affected areas are also very effective. There is no one treatment for panniculitis. Because there are so many different causes, treatment can vary from case to case. Usually, if panniculitis is caused by an underlying condition, you and your doctor will focus on developing a treatment plan for that condition. However, there are some general pain-management strategies you can use. 

If the panniculitis is caused by a medication, simply stopping the medication and treating some of the symptoms is usually the best course of action. You should always consult with your doctor before abruptly stopping a medication. 


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