Freckles [ age spots / liver spots ] : causes , symptoms , treatment

 FRECKLES 

Freckles are flat, beige, brown circular spots that typically are the metal nail. the spots are multiple and may develop on sun exposed to sunlight . these are particularly common in people with red hair and a fair complexion . they may appear in children as young as 1 or 2 years of age . 



Most freckles are generally uniform in color but can vary in color. they may be reddish , yellow , brown, tan light brown or black . They are basically slightly skin . they become darker and more apparent after the sun exposure and lighten in the winter months . Freckles due to increase in the amount of dark pigment called melanin and an increase in the total number of pigment producing cells called melanocytes. 


CAUSES OF FRECKLES



Freckles are a result of a genetic predisposition and sun damage caused due to excessive exposure to UV rays . the skin absorb UV rays and produces excess melanin that results  in pigmentation in small patches .

The typically , people who are fair skinned , with light eyes and blond hair , are more to the damaging effects of the sun and sub sequent formation of freckles. 

To prevent freckle formation for remedial treatment later. people with known hereditary tendencies should start sun protection  early , sun damaged due to UV rays often occurs in childhood .


SYMPTOMS OF FRECKLES FORMATION 

The following are the presenting signs of freckle formation :



1. it is present on sun - exposed areas, the central  part of the face is the most common site. 

2. it comprises of small spots ranging in color from light brown to dark brown. 

3. appears more prominently in summers and fades away in winters. 

4. primarily affects fair - skinned people. 

5. may involve any age group from children  to the elderly .

6. usually harmless, it present on abnormal sites, eg. underarms or associated with extreme sun sensitivity and flaking of the skin , then it  may be a sign of genetic disorders, eg .Neurofibromatosis and Xeroderma pigmentation . 


TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR FRECKLES 



1. CHEMICAL PEELS :

This treatment method helps to remove freckles by exfoliating the sun damaged skin in a controlled manner. aesthetic treatment using medium depth chemical peels containing either glycolic acid or TCA that penetrate beyond the surface layer of skin to remove freckles .the freckled layers start to peel away while generating new skin to remove freckles. 

2. LASER TREATMENTS :



It is one of the most popular methods to remove freckles . use laser light of specific wavelength to precisely  target the excess melanin without harming the surrounding skin, thus safely eliminating freckles. 

3. INTENSE PULSED LIGHT THERAPY [ IPL ] :

This is another light based treatment option for treating freckles. IPL uses bursts of high - intensity  light of various wavelength to target areas abundant in melanin content in contrast to laser which utilize a single wavelength of light . 

4. SUN PROTECTION :

Sun protection with sunscreen is mandatory for the treatment of freckles as they can prevent recurrence and help in maintaining the results achieved after various treatments . 

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